THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS IN EUROPEAN EDUCATION

Author: Apostolos Karaoulas

ABSTRACT

Education in Europe has a long historical tradition as a tool for social structuring and cultural progress. Over the centuries, the skills cultivated in schools have continuously adapted to the prevailing cultural, economic, and technological needs. From the ancient societies of Greece and Rome to the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution, the skills integrated into education have reflected the demands of each era. However, modern Europe faces new challenges, such as digital transformation, climate change, and social inequalities, which shape the strategic direction of the European Union’s (EU) education policies.

The EU recognizes the importance of education as a driver of development, not only in terms of professional adaptation but also in fostering active citizens capable of participating in society and advancing democratic processes. Education policies focus on strengthening fundamental skills, such as communication and critical thinking, while also emphasizing new, contemporary skills, such as digital and environmental competencies, to meet the demands of the 21st century. The Digital Compass 2030 initiative serves as a key tool in preparing citizens for emerging technological challenges, while the Sustainable Development Strategy promotes environmental awareness and sustainability.

This study aims to examine the evolution of knowledge and skills in European education, emphasizing how modern educational strategies integrate technological and social challenges. Specifically, it highlights the significance of school years as a foundation for developing skills that foster collaboration, critical thinking, and social responsibility. This study adopts a multidimensional approach that encompasses social, economic, and environmental dimensions, identifying the role of skills in preparing students for the challenges of the future.

Keywords: Educational skills, education in Europe, democratic participation, Digital Compass, lifelong learning, sustainable development

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