FROM STATE SUPERVISION TO INTERNATIONALIZED AND TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN EDUCATION

Author: Apostolos Karaoulas

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the evolution of education from a state-supervised model to an internationalized and technology-driven educational reality. With a focus on exploring how educational reforms impact social justice, the study analyzes the function of education as a tool for reproducing social inequalities. It investigates the influence of internationalization and technology on educational policies, as well as the management of education systems, while exploring how contemporary reforms shape school operations and the educational process in a global environment. Emphasis is placed on the transition from state supervision, where educational policies and decisions were primarily national and local, toward a system increasingly guided by international organizations such as the OECD, economic actors, and technological advancements.

Through a critical analysis of international educational policies and their impact on national education systems, along with a literature review and an examination of shifts in goal-setting processes and the orientation of educational practices, the paper highlights the role of technology and globalization in reshaping the educational landscape. It also considers the changing relationships between states and educational institutions, as well as the influence of economic and political factors in shaping modern educational strategies. Despite the opportunities that technology offers for enhancing education, the research suggests that the trend toward internationalized and technology-driven education may exacerbate inequalities between countries and educational systems while limiting local and national autonomy.

Keywords: Internationalization of Education, Globalization of Education, Education Restructuring, Educational Reforms, Educational Policy Strategies

REFERENCES

  • Allen, R. C. (2017). The Industrial Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Apple, M. (2001). Educating the Right Way: Markets, Standards, God, and Inequality. Routledge.
  • Apple, M. W. (2004). Ideology and curriculum (3rd ed.). Routledge.
  • Arnold, M. (2009). Culture and anarchy: An essay in political and social criticism. Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1869)
  • Ball, S. J. (2003). The Teacher’s Soul and the Terrors of Performativity. Journal of Education Policy, 18(2), 215-228.
  • Ball, S. J. (2008). The education debate. Policy Press.
  • Ball, S. J. (2012). Global Education Inc.: New Policy Networks and the Neoliberal Imaginary. Routledge.
  • Bernstein, B. (2003). Class, Codes and Control: Theoretical Studies towards a Sociology of Language. Routledge.
  • Blackbourn, D. (2002). History of Germany, 1780-1918: The long nineteenth century (2nd ed.). Blackwell
  • Boli, J., & Thomas, G. M. (1999). Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. Sage Publications.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Harvard University Press.
  • Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life. Basic Books.
  • Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2016). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Carnoy, M. (1999). Globalization and Educational Reform: What Planners Need to Know. UNESCO.
  • Collins, A., & Halverson, R. (2009). Rethinking education in the age of technology: The digital revolution and schooling in America. Teachers College Press.
  • Dale, R. (2000). Globalization and education: Demonstrating a “common world educational culture” or locating a “globally structured educational agenda”? Educational Theory, 50(4), 427-448.
  • Dale, R. (Ed.), & Robertson, S. (Ed.). (2009). Globalisation and Europeanisation in Education. Symposium Books.
  • Davies, I., & Pike, G. (2009). Global Citizenship Education: Challenges and Possibilities. In The Handbook of Practice and Research in Study Abroad (1st ed., pp. 61-78). Routledge
  • Fraser, N. (2009). Scales of Justice: Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World. Columbia University Press.
  • Geiss, I. (1992). The Question of German Unification: 1806–1996. Routledge.
  • Giroux, H. (2007). The university in Chains: Confronting the Military-Industrial-Academic complex. Routledge.
  • Giroux, H. A. (2011). Education and the crisis of public values: Challenging the assault on teachers, students, & public education. Peter Lang
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. International Publishers.
  • Green, A. (1990). Education and State Formation: The Rise of Education Systems in England, France and the USA. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Herbst, J. (2006). School choice and school governance: A historical study of the United States and Germany. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-53428-9.
  • Humboldt, W. von (1810/1964). Über die innere und äußere Organisation der höheren wissenschaftlichen Anstalten in Berlin. In A. Flitner & K. Giel (Eds.), Wilhelm von Humboldt: Schriften zur Politik und zum Bildungswesen. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
  • Johnson, R. (1970). Educational Policy and Social Control in Early Victorian England. Past & Present, 49(1), 96-119. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/49.1.96
  • Lawson, J., & Silver, H. (1973). A Social History of Education in England. Methuen.
  • Marks, R. (2007). The Origins of the Modern World: Fate and Fortune in the Rise of the West. Rowman & Littlefield
  • McClelland, C. E. (1980). State, Society and University in Germany 1700–1914. Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F., & McBrewster, J. (2010). Jules Ferry Laws. VDM Publishing.
  • OECD (2018). The Future of Education and Skills: Education 2030. OECD-Publishing.
  • OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Results (Volume I): What Students Know and Can Do. OECD-Publishing.
  • Olssen, M., Codd, J., & O’Neill, A. (2004). Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship, and Democracy. Sage.
  • Pruneri, F. (2015, December 4-5). From the Village to the Nation: for a History (and Geography) of Education of the Long Nineteenth Century in Italy. In Educating Italy (1796-1968 ca.): Local, national and global perspectives, The Italian Cultural Institute, London.
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2000). Globalization and education: Complexities and contingencies. Educational Theory, 50(4), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2000.00419.x.
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2010). Globalizing Education Policy. Routledge.
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2010). Globalizing Education Policy. Routledge
  • Simon, B. (1991). Education and the Social Order 1940–1990. Lawrence & Wishart.
  • Spencer, H. (1861). Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical. Williams and Norgate.
  • Spring, J. (1998). Education and the rise of the global economy. Routledge
  • Spring, J. (2015). Globalization of education: An introduction (2nd ed.). Routledge
  • Stromquist, N. P. (2002). Education in a Globalized World: The Connectivity of Economic Power, Technology, and Knowledge. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • UNESCO. (2021). Global education monitoring report 2021/2: Non-state actors in education: Who chooses? Who loses? UNESCO
  • Wehler, H. (1985). The German Empire 1871-1918. Berg Publishers.
  • West, E. G. (1994). Education and the State: A Study in Political Economy. Liberty Fund Inc.