VALIDATION OF THE CHINESE VERSIONS OF RSPE, PLOCQ, AND SESPE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS

Authors: Jingxia Guo & Zulezwan Bin Ab Malik

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate three widely used psychological instruments in physical education—the Responsibility Scale in Physical Education (RSPE), the Perceived Locus of Causality Questionnaire (PLOCQ), and the Student Enjoyment of School Physical Education Scale (SESPE)—for application among Chinese undergraduate physical education (PE) students. A systematic validation procedure was employed, including translation and back-translation, expert content validation, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected from 182 undergraduate PE majors recruited from universities in Hubei and Fujian provinces, China.

Expert content validation demonstrated high item-level and scale-level content validity. Internal consistency reliability was excellent across the adapted scales. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory model fit, supporting the factorial validity of the measurement models. Overall, the findings suggest that the Chinese versions of the RSPE, PLOCQ, and SESPE exhibit sound psychometric properties.

The validated instruments provide reliable and culturally appropriate tools for assessing responsibility, motivational regulation, and enjoyment in physical education learning contexts. This study offers a methodological foundation for future research and applied evaluation in physical education and educational psychology involving Chinese undergraduate populations.

Keywords: Physical Education; Scale Validation; Responsibility; Motivational Regulation; Enjoyment; Chinese Undergraduate Students

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